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They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. We all know that every study design can have a certain error, which is why meta-analysis combines these multiple studies together, in order to draw a better and more accurate conclusion.
After all, meta-analysis combines multiple studies together, so if those studies have a lot of errors individually, then the meta-analysis will also have errors. Meta-analysis is actually a statistical process which takes and combines the results of various different individual studies in order to reach a single conclusion. These studies include randomization and double-blind, which gives even more validity to the RCT study design.
The process of randomization which makes these studies so good means to randomly place subjects to one of two or more groups. One of these groups will receive the IP investigational product , while the other will receive placebo or a different mainstream treatment.
This process minimizes selection bias. The point of such studies is to compare the outcomes and results of the IP group with the control group. Experimental Controlled Randomized So researchers will follow this group of people over time and then compare the results and determine how certain factors affected the subjects. Cohort studies can be prospective what we explained above and retrospective - the opposite.
In retrospective cohort studies, researchers compare the past records of two similar groups of people who differ by some characteristics. An example for a cohort study would be a group of female doctors, half of whom are smokers and the other half non- smokers, or a group of middle-aged truck drivers, some of which are smokers and some non-smokers.
In this type of studies, the researchers begin with the outcome. This means that first, they find a group of participants affected by a certain condition and next, they try to find a similar group of people that share the same exposures and features with the first group but are not affected by the condition control group. As we can see, case-control studies are retrospective studies. Basically, a case series is only reviewing the medical records of a small number of individuals.
This is all done in order to see the outcomes of these patients. A case series study ranks low on the validity scale. Even though these studies have a huge space for errors, they can be useful in a more general situation.
For example, it can be easy to notice a city with huge prevalence of the risk factor which also has a huge prevalence of people affected by the expected health outcome. In this case, we can clearly see the connection between the risk factor exposure and the health outcome.
Even though one study design might not possess enough accuracy for a certain trial, it might be good for another type of trial. The way in which study types and designs are chosen depends on the nature of the study as well as the desired outcomes. Krishna Mane Jan. Melanie Frey Dec. So you do not need to waste the time on rewritings. Jessicasequeira2 Sep. Hari Chandan Jun.
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